{"product_id":"making-a-grade-victorian-examinations-and-the-rise-of-standardized-testing-hardcover","title":"Making a Grade: Victorian Examinations and the Rise of Standardized Testing - Hardcover","description":"\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-align: right;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/reportcopyrightinfringement.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eReport copyright infringement\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eby \u003cb\u003eJames Elwick\u003c\/b\u003e (Author)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStarting in the 1850s achievement tests became standardized in the British Isles, and were administered on an industrial scale. By the end of the century more than two million people had written mass exams, particularly in science, technology, and mathematics. Some candidates responded to this standardization by cramming or cheating; others embraced the hope that such tests rewarded not only knowledge but also merit.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eWritten with humour, \u003ci\u003eMaking a Grade\u003c\/i\u003e looks at how standardized testing practices quietly appeared, and then spread worldwide. This book situates mass exams, marks, and credentials in an emerging paper-based meritocracy, arguing that such exams often first appeared as \"cameras\" to neutrally record achievement, and then became \"engines\" to change education as people tailored their behaviour to fit these tests. Taking the perspectives of both examiners and examinees, \u003ci\u003eMaking a Grade\u003c\/i\u003e claims that our own culture's desire for accountability through objective testing has a long history.\u003c\/p\u003e\n            \u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of Pages:\u003c\/strong\u003e 304\u003c\/div\u003e\n            \u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1 x 6.1 x 9.1 IN\u003c\/div\u003e\n            \u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePublication Date:\u003c\/strong\u003e March 18, 2021\u003c\/div\u003e\n            ","brand":"BooksCloud","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43723555012743,"sku":"9781487508937","price":126.54,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0601\/2623\/2711\/files\/cdU45Asfvu9781487508937.webp?v=1768168223","url":"https:\/\/booksby.splitshops.com\/products\/making-a-grade-victorian-examinations-and-the-rise-of-standardized-testing-hardcover","provider":"Books by splitShops","version":"1.0","type":"link"}