{"product_id":"on-formants-paperback","title":"On Formants - Paperback","description":"\u003cp\u003eby \u003cb\u003eRichard S. McGowan\u003c\/b\u003e (Author)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book presents results in a study toward bringing \u003cstrong\u003eacoustic and articulatory phonetics\u003c\/strong\u003e together for sonorant sounds, and, in particular, vowel production. Peter Ladefoged suggested proceeding in this project in his textbook, \u003cem\u003eA Course in Phonetics\u003c\/em\u003e. In acoustic phonetics the resonances, or formants, of the vocal the vocal tract is the primary way that vowels are characterized. In the present book, formants are examined using a physical acoustics approach; pressure, velocity distributions and energy densities of the formants of \u003cstrong\u003esonorants\u003c\/strong\u003e are used to examine tubes described by area functions. It is discovered that \u003cstrong\u003econstriction length\u003c\/strong\u003e should be employed in an articulatory description of sonorants, in addition to the degree of constriction, place of constriction. Additional important parameters for English vowels are degree of lip rounding and larynx height.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e A new mathematical quantity called \u003cstrong\u003espatial phase\u003c\/strong\u003e is derived that can be used predict resonant, or formant, frequencies from area functions. This easily understood mathematical concept is slowly introduced using examples through much of the book. Spatial phase complements and generalizes acoustic perturbation theory. A special chapter on short constrictions and expansions describes their detailed physical acoustics and when lumped electrical elements are appropriate. The book concludes with numerical examples on how eight monophthongs of American English can be classified with the parameters of an area function model. That is, a simple area function vowel space is derived. The author calls for more systematic empirical studies of the relation between vocal tract articulation and \u003cstrong\u003evocal tract area functions\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of Pages:\u003c\/strong\u003e 168\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 0.36 x 9.19 x 7 IN\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePublication Date:\u003c\/strong\u003e June 05, 2023\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Books by splitShops","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41730448752775,"sku":"9780999757420","price":53.98,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0601\/2623\/2711\/files\/c64877bee200786520a1e16f7396ec1a.webp?v=1734096425","url":"https:\/\/booksby.splitshops.com\/products\/on-formants-paperback","provider":"Books by splitShops","version":"1.0","type":"link"}