Political Science

25001 books

Disability: Challenges for Social Insurance, Health Care Financing, and Labor Market Policy

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Report copyright infringementby Virginia P. Reno (Editor), Jerry L. Mashaw (Editor), Bill Gradison (Editor)"A Brookings Institution Press and National Academy for Social Insurance publication This book presents a cross-cutting assessment of disability income policy in public and private programs in the United States and in European countries. It evaluates whether there is a crisis in disability benefit policy, drawing on an in-depth review of Social Security disability programs by a panel of ...

How to Be a Cheap Hawk: The 1999 and 2000 Defense Budgets

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Report copyright infringementby Michael E. O'Hanlon (Author)"Two important events in 1997--the balanced-budget deal and the completion of the Pentagon's Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR)--promise to shape U.S. military policy for the next several years. Unfortunately, they are at odds with each other. The balanced budget accord will result in a real level of defense spending that is 8 percent lower in 2002 than in 1998. But the proportionate cuts in personnel and weaponry that the QDR calls fo...

Economic Decline and Political Change: Canada, Great Britain, the United States

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Report copyright infringementby Harold Clarke (Editor), Marianne C. Stewart (Editor), Gary Zuk (Editor)In the 1970's, an "age of affluence" ended abruptly in Canada, Great Britain, and the United States. Skyrocketing inflation, persistent unemployment, and sluggish growth became new, oppressive realities for government and citizens alike. This book examines the changes that occurred in economic policymaking on the governmental level and the public's response to such changes. This timely colle...

Medicare's New Hospital Payment System: Is It Working?

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Report copyright infringementby Louise B. Russell (Author)"In 1983 Congress changed the way Medicare pays for hospital care. Under the new prospective payment system, hospitals are paid a fixed rate, set in advance, to cover a patient's stay. If costs are less than the fixed rates, the hospital keeps the profit; if the costs are more, it absorbs the loss. From the beginning, prospective payment was recognized as a revolutionary change in Medicare. Congress wanted a system that would make fede...

The Orphaned Capital: Adopting the Right Revenues for the District of Columbia

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Report copyright infringementby Carol O'Cleireacain (Author)The nation's capital is in a fiscal and political crisis. By 1995 the District of Columbia did not have the cash to pay its bills and faced a growing operating deficit. It was effectively shut out of the capital markets and at least three of its government agencies were in receivership. On any given day, 30 percent of the police vehicles were in the shop for repairs and 25 percent of the school buses were inoperable. Nor were adequat...

Setting National Priorities: Budget Choices for the Next Century

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Report copyright infringementby Robert D. Reischauer (Editor)"The federal policy changes that Congress and the President will have to make as we approach the 21st century will be among the most far-reaching since the enactment of the New Deal. The scope of legislation before policymakers as they continue their efforts to balance the budget will be vast and many of its elements very technical. This new, highly accessible book examines the nature of the challenges confronting policymakers, the ...

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Report copyright infringementby Alicia H. Munnell (Author)"From a modest beginning in 1935 to an income replacement scheme for workers in commerce and industry, the social security system has grown to cover 90 percent of working Americans. It now pays $78 billion a year in benefits and is obligated to pay $4 trillion in future retirement benefits to workers now covered. With a projected tax rate of 30 percent of gross wages by the year 2050 to meet its obligations under current law, the syste...

The Only Plane in the Sky: An Oral History of 9/11 - Hardcover

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by Garrett M. Graff (Author)NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER "This is history at its most immediate and moving...A marvelous and memorable book." --Jon Meacham "Remarkable...A priceless civic gift...On page after page, a reader will encounter words that startle, or make him angry, or heartbroken." --The Wall Street Journal "Had me turning each page with my heart in my throat...There's been a lot written about 9/11, but nothing like this. I urge you to read it." --Katie Couric The first comprehensiv...

Near Abroad: Putin, the West and the Contest Over Ukraine and the Caucasus - Hardcover

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by Gerard Toal (Author)Before Russia invaded Ukraine, it invaded Georgia. Both states are part of Russia's "near abroad" - newly independent states that were once part of the Soviet Union and are now Russia's neighbors. While the Russia-Georgia war of 2008 faded from the headlines in the wake of the global recession, the geopolitical contest that created it did not. Six years later, the spectre of a revanchist Russia returned when Putin's forces invaded and annexed the Crimean peninsula, once...

Regime Change: Toward a Postliberal Future - Hardcover

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by Patrick J. Deneen (Author)From Notre Dame professor and author of Why Liberalism Failed comes a provocative call for replacing the tyranny of the self-serving liberal elite with conservative leaders aligned with the interests of the working class Classical liberalism promised to overthrow the old aristocracy, creating an order in which individuals could create their own identities and futures. To some extent it did--but it has also demolished the traditions and institutions that nourished ...

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Report copyright infringementby Henry J. Aaron (Author)The social security system affects people throughout most of their lives, at work and in retirement. The supposed effects of social security on saving, labor supply, and the distribution of income figure prominently in current debates about whether and how to change the system. Theorists have developed alternative analytical frameworks for studying social security, but all involve extreme assumptions introduced for the sake of analytical ...

Budgeting for Hard Power: Defense and Security Spending Under Barack Obama

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Report copyright infringementby Michael E. O'Hanlon (Author)"These are extraordinary times in U.S. national security policy. America remains engaged in both Iraq and Afghanistan while facing a global economic downturn. Homeland security concerns still abound in the wake of the September 11 attacks. Even as the financial crisis places considerable pressure on the U.S. budget, President Obama will have to spend a great deal of time and money on national security, hard power, and war. How should...

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Report copyright infringementby Ezra S. Krendel (Editor), Bernard L. Samoff (Editor)This book is a volume in the Penn Press Anniversary Collection. To mark its 125th anniversary in 2015, the University of Pennsylvania Press rereleased more than 1,100 titles from Penn Press's distinguished backlist from 1899-1999 that had fallen out of print. Spanning an entire century, the Anniversary Collection offers peer-reviewed scholarship in a wide range of subject areas. Number of Pages: 1...

Checking on Banks: Autonomy and Accountability in Three Federal Agencies

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Report copyright infringementby Anne M. Khademian (Author)"Eager to make government work better, cost less, and be more accountable, reformers are embracing a common prescription: consolidate and downsize government agencies to eliminate duplication and overlap. But is this prescription really a panacea for what ails government, or is the solution for better government performance more complex?This book tackles that question by examining the three federal agencies responsible for supervising ...

Uncle Sam in Pinstripes: Evaluating U.S. Federal Credit Programs

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Report copyright infringementby Douglas J. Elliott (Author)"It is a long-held perception that America is a nation where the government typically stays out of day-to-day business activities. Yet the U.S. federal government is in many ways the biggest and most influential financial institution in the world, with $10 trillion in federal guarantees and loans going to the private sector. Even before recent implementation of massive interventions meant to stave off financial calamity, the federal g...

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Report copyright infringementby Robert E. Litan (Author), William a. Niskanen (Author)"A Brookings Institution Press and Cato Institute publication The information age technology revolution promises enormous benefits to the U.S. and global economies. Yet if those benefits are to be fully realized, policymakers in the U.S. and abroad must rethink some fundamental premises about how economic activity has traditionally been governed. Should we continue to regulate industries the way we have in t...

Coping with Austerity: Poverty and Inequality in Latin America

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Report copyright infringementby Nora Claudia Lustig (Author)Concern about the pervasiveness of poverty and income inequality in Latin America goes beyond the issue of social justice. The persistence of mass poverty and inequality pits different social groups against one another and leads to a polarization that makes consistent economic policy formation difficult. National productivity may also suffer in economies with poorly educated workforces lacking adequate health care. Statistics on pove...

The Money Chase: Congressional Campaign Finance Reform

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Report copyright infringementby David B. Magleby (Author), Candice J. Nelson (Author)"The amount of money needed to run a competitive congressional campaign is staggering, with special interests playing a central role in raising these funds. Also of concern is the declining competitiveness of House elections. And while recognition of the need to reform campaign financing is widespread, partisan and House/Senate differences over what these changes should be have complicated legislative efforts...

A Strategic Vision for Africa: The Kampala Movement

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Report copyright infringementby Francis M. Deng (Author), I. William Zartman (Author), Olusegun Obasanjo (Preface by)"Increasingly marginalized since the end of the Cold War, the continent of Africa is struggling to identify both the root causes and possible solutions to the maladies that continue to plague it. The problems read like a laundry list of misrule in the aftermath of decolonization: rampant political corruption, internecine wars, widespread disease, underdevelopment, and economic ...

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Report copyright infringementby Lawrence D. Brown (Author), James W. Fossett (Author), Kenneth T. Palmer (Author)"The design and use of federal grants-in-aid to state and local governments have posed policy choices for every presidential administration since that of Lyndon B. Johnson. The papers in this volume describe the decisions these administrations have made, analyze why only some of these choices prevailed politically, and explain how large amounts of federal aid have affected local go...

Uneasy Compromise: Problems of a Hybrid Income-Consumption Tax

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Report copyright infringementby Henry J. Aaron (Editor), Harvey Galper (Editor), Joseph a. Pechman (Editor)"Whether the nation would be better served by an income tax or by a consumption tax has been debated by tax experts for decades. In practice, tax systems everywhere are mixed or ""hybrid"" systems. And while legislators have reasons for enacting such systems, the mix results in inequities, inefficiencies, and abuse.For Uneasy Compromise, Brookings brought together some of the nation's mo...

Work, Health, and Income Among the Elderly

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Report copyright infringementby Gary Burtless (Editor)Contents include: Introduction and Summary Public Policy Implications of Declining Old-Age Mortality Aging the Ability to Work: Policy Issues and Recent Trends Occupational Effects on the Health and Work Capacity of Older Men Involuntary Early Retirement and Consumption Life-Cycle Labor Supply and Social Security: A Time-Series Analysis Life Insurance of the Elderly: Its Adequacy and Determinant Number of Pages: 294 ...

Economic Effects of Fundamental Tax Reform

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Report copyright infringementby Henry J. Aaron (Editor), William G. Gale (Editor)"The tax system profoundly affects countless aspects of private behavior. It is a powerful policy influence on the distribution of income and it is the one aspect of government that almost every citizen cannot avoid. With tax reform high on the political agenda, this book brings together studies of leading tax economists and lawyers to assess the various reform proposals and examine the effects of tax reform in s...

Cracking the Code: Making Sense of the Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax

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Report copyright infringementby Andrew Lyon (Author)The corporate alternative minimum tax (AMT) was hailed in the Tax Reform Act of 1986 as instrumental to ensuring that tax loopholes would not permit corporations to avoid paying their fair share of tax liability. In 1995, less than ten years later, repeal of the AMT was pledged as part of the Republican Party's "Contract with America" and passed by the House of Representatives. Opponents of the AMT object that it penalizes new investment by ...

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Report copyright infringementby Andrew M. Kamarck (Author)Drawing on a lifetime of distinguished work in economic research and policymaking, Andrew Kamarck details how his profession can more usefully analyze and solve economic problems by changing its basic approach to research. Kamarck contends that most economists today strive for a mathematical precision in their work that neither stems from nor leads to an accurate view of economic reality. He develops elegant critiques of key areas of e...

Negro Employment in Public Utilities: A Study of Racial Policies in the Electric Power, Gas, and Telephone Industries

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Report copyright infringementby Bernard E. Anderson (Author)This book is a volume in the Penn Press Anniversary Collection. To mark its 125th anniversary in 2015, the University of Pennsylvania Press rereleased more than 1,100 titles from Penn Press's distinguished backlist from 1899-1999 that had fallen out of print. Spanning an entire century, the Anniversary Collection offers peer-reviewed scholarship in a wide range of subject areas. Number of Pages: 288 Dimensio...

Paying for Productivity: A Look at the Evidence

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Report copyright infringementby Alan S. Blinder (Editor)"Will higher pay provide an incentive for better work? Can productivity be increased by changing the way workers are compensated? In response to the urgent need to improve productivity performance in American industry, leading economists examine alternative compensation schemes to assess their efficiency in raising productivity.Over the years a number of suggestions have been made for improving labor productivity by changing the manner i...

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Report copyright infringementby William J. Stull (Author), Janice Fanning Madden (Author)The fourth report of the Temple-Penn Philadelphia Economic Monitoring Project continues the work of the Wharton Philadelphia Economic Monitoring Project, which began in 1984. This volume examines the manufacturing and service industries that have experienced employment growth in the region. Through detailed analysis of changes in the quantity, quality, and location of employment for specific industries in...

Shielding the Poor: Social Protection in the Developing World

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Report copyright infringementby Nora Claudia Lustig (Editor)"A Brookings Institution Press and Inter-American Development Bank publication The poor in developing countries are particularly vulnerable to adverse shocks. They have little or no access to public social insurance, are unlikely to save in adequate amounts to rely fully on self-insurance or informal insurance, face restricted access to private market insurance or credit mechanisms, and have little or no political voice to demand the...

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Report copyright infringementby Henry J. Aaron (Author), Cameran M. Lougy (Author)The well-documented gap between men's and women's earnings has aroused intense debate over the concept of comparable worth, that is, equal pay for work judged to be of equal value. Government, business, labor unions, and the courts have been forced to consider whether workers in dissimilar jobs of comparable worth--measured by such criteria as working conditions, degree of difficulty, and knowledge and responsib...

The Impact of Government Manpower Programs: In General and on Minorities and Women

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Report copyright infringementby Charles R. Perry (Author), Richard Rowan (Author), Bernard E. Anderson (Author)This book is a volume in the Penn Press Anniversary Collection. To mark its 125th anniversary in 2015, the University of Pennsylvania Press rereleased more than 1,100 titles from Penn Press's distinguished backlist from 1899-1999 that had fallen out of print. Spanning an entire century, the Anniversary Collection offers peer-reviewed scholarship in a wide range of subject areas. ...

Future of Housing Finance: Restructuring the U.S. Residential Mortgage Market

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Report copyright infringementby Martin Neil Baily (Editor)"Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, government-sponsored enterprises that played a prominent role in the financial crisis of 2008, and the federal government have come to a crossroads. The government must make key decisions about their structure, and indeed, their very existence.The government has played an important role in the American housing market since the early 1930s, when the Great Depression ushered in housing programs to promote a s...